Demographic traits in western Europe facilitated this “colonization.” The settlers—assured of non-public independence, fastened rents, and many measure of self-administration and running beneath the so-identified as German Legislation—Launched new villages and cities or reorganized aged kinds. Towns been given official charters (Wrocław in 1242, Poznań in 1253, Kraków in 1257) https://polawedee.tumblr.com/