Just before the deposition with the Er:Al2O3 Lively material, the coupling circuit, i.e., the strip waveguides, the manner transition tapers and the mode converters have been protected having a 800 nm thick layer of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ, n ~one.forty five) to avoid their coating With all the Lively materials, as https://creightonk428emu5.wikicarrier.com/user