In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out which the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is generally due to the lack of oxygen in Nb2O5, utilized like a raw materials Original melt (Czochralski strategy) [186]. Accordingly, according to its production technological innovation, niobium pentoxide can undertake a wide array of compositions https://lanezdgih.creacionblog.com/32366077/the-ultimate-guide-to-lithium-niobate-crystal